VBI is used to teach appropriate skills through observation of video footage of target behaviors as models for the learner. Video-based instruction (VBI), an evidence-based strategy, has been effectively used to teach children with autism appropriate behaviors, including social and communication skills. Researchers who investigated these skills in children with autism utilized video modeling of conversational scripts, video modeling and social stories, feedback and self-management, pivotal response treatment, time delay procedure, script-fading procedure, and applied behavior analysis intervention conducted by a robot. Confirming earlier studies, Jones and Schwartz found that children with autism asked fewer questions and made approximately the same number of requests (“Mommy, please give me more soy sauce”) as typically developing children.ĭespite the significance that question asking has in relation to conversational exchanges with others, as well as learning novel information, relatively little research has been directed toward strategies that promote question asking initiations in children with autism. In a comparative study of 20 children ages 3.5 to 7 with autism and 10 children the same age who were developing typically, analyses of family dinner conversations revealed that the autism group made fewer attempts (bids) to engage verbally. Jones and Schwartz found that children with high functioning autism have difficulty requesting information to maintain a conversational topic. Ĭhildren with autism who have functional speech have been found to demonstrate an understanding of wh-questions by 54 months. Failing to display question-asking initiations in early years may limit children’s opportunities to develop pragmatic language skills, thus profoundly impacting their overall language development. While typically developing children may ask endless questions about people or their surroundings, children with autism tend to use language to make requests or protests rather than to initiate question-asking behaviors. Question-asking initiations are critical skills in order to initiate and maintain social interactions, be exposed to various social reinforcers, obtain novel information, and enhance independence. Impairments in social and communication skills manifest in various areas such as initiating and responding to social bids, maintaining a conversation, turn taking, and establishing joint attention. While some children with autism do not show any language delays (i.e., Asperger Syndrome), about 25% may never develop functional speech during their lifetime. Communication skills range widely, from non-verbal gestures and eye gazes to highly specified, detailed vocabularies. Autism Young children Asking questions Video self-modeling Video feedback IntroductionĬhildren with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) exhibit significant deficits in age-appropriate social and communication skills, in addition to restricted and repetitive behaviors, interests, or activities (APA, 2013).
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